Tuesday, December 18, 2012
Sunday, December 16, 2012
God misunderstood: Jesus was not son of God, but of Mary
Huckabee has a point, but Americans and the rest of the so called Christian world do not have a God, they have Jesus, who is not God, he was a human being appointed by God as His messenger or prophet. People mistakenly made Jesus son of God or God himself, as the Trinity stands for. God is one and absolute authority over all and everything. People themselves made Jesus as their savior when he was a mere messenger and son of Mary. This one mistake resulted to indulging in polytheism of Trinity, drinking alcohol, eating pork, legalizing fornication and adultery in the name of ‘boy-friend and girl-friend as the order of the day in total denial of the sovereignty of God and His divine authority over such issues, etc. As long as this frame of faith and the prevailing behavior continues, no one will ever find God, let alone worshiping Him. http://now.msn.com/huckabee-blames-school-shooting-on-no-god-in-classroom?ocid=ansnow11
Friday, June 1, 2012
HOW ISLAM SAVED THE JEWS - lecture Prof David Wasserstein The JC ESSAY
HOW ISLAM SAVED THE JEWS - lecture Prof David Wasserstein
The JC ESSAY
Jewish Chronicle 25 May 2012
So, what did the Muslims do for the Jews?
David J Wasserstein
ISLAM SAVED Jewry. This is an unpopular, discomforting claim in the modern world. But it is a historical truth. The argument for it is double. First, in 570 CE, when the Prophet Mohammad was born, the Jews and Judaism were on the way to oblivion. And second, the coming of Islam saved them, providing a new context in which they not only survived, but flourished, laying foundations for subsequent Jewish cultural prosperity - also in Christendom - through the medieval period into the modern world.
By the fourth century, Christianity had become the dominant religion in the Roman empire. One aspect of this success was opposition to rival faiths, including Judaism, along with massive conversion of members of such faiths, sometimes by force, to Christianity. Much of our testimony about Jewish existence in the Roman empire from this time on consists of accounts of conversions.
Great and permanent reductions in numbers through conversion, between the fourth and the seventh centuries, brought with them a gradual but relentless whittling away of the status, rights, social and economic existence, and religious and cultural life of Jews all over the Roman empire.
A long series of enactments deprived Jewish people of their rights as citizens, prevented them from fulfilling their religious obligations, and excluded them from the society of their fellows.
This went along with the centuries-long military and political struggle with Persia. As a tiny element in the Christian world, the Jews should not have been affected much by this broad, political issue. Yet it affected them critically, because the Persian empire at this time included Babylon - now Iraq - at the time home to the world's greatest concentration of Jews.
Here also were the greatest centres of Jewish intellectual life. The most important single work of Jewish cultural creativity in over 3,000 years, apart from the Bible itself - the Talmud - came into being in Babylon. The struggle between Persia and Byzantium, in our period, led increasingly to a separation between Jews under Byzantine, Christian rule and Jews under Persian rule.
Beyond all this, the Jews who lived under Christian rule seemed to have lost the knowledge of their own culturally specific languages - Hebrew and Aramaic - and to have taken on the use of Latin or Greek or other non-Jewish, local, languages. This in turn must have meant that they also lost access to the central literary works of Jewish culture - the Torah, Mishnah, poetry, midrash, even liturgy.
The loss of the unifying force represented by language - and of the associated literature - was a major step towards assimilation and disappearance. In these circumstances, with contact with the one place where Jewish cultural life continued to prosper - Babylon- cut off by conflict with Persia, Jewish life in the Christian world of late antiquity was not simply a pale shadow of what it had been three or four centuries earlier. It was doomed.
Had Islam not come along, the conflict with Persia would have continued. The separation between western Judaism, that of Christendom, and Babylonian Judaism, that of Mesopotamia, would have intensified. Jewry in the west would have declined to disappearance in many areas. And Jewry in the east would have become just another oriental cult.
But this was all prevented by the rise of Islam. The Islamic conquests of the seventh century changed the world, and did so with dramatic, wide-ranging and permanent effect for the Jews.
Within a century of the death of Mohammad, in 632, Muslim armies had conquered almost the whole of the world where Jews lived, from Spain eastward across North Africa and the Middle East as far as the eastern frontier of Iran and beyond. Almost all the Jews in the world were now ruled by Islam. This new situation transformed Jewish existence. Their fortunes changed in legal, demographic, social, religious, political, geographical, economic, linguistic and cultural terms – all for the better.
First, things improved politically. Almost everywhere in Christendom where Jews had lived now formed part of the same political space as Babylon - Cordoba and Basra lay in the same political world. The old frontier between the vital centre in Babylonia and the Jews of the Mediterranean basin was swept away, forever.
Political change was partnered by change in the legal status of the Jewish population: although it is not always clear what happened during the Muslim conquests, one thing is certain. The result of the conquests was, by and large, to make the Jews second-class citizens.
This should not be misunderstood: to be a second-class citizen was a far better thing to be than not to be a citizen at all. For most of these Jews, second-class citizenship represented a major advance. In Visigothic Spain, for example, shortly before the Muslim conquest in 711, the Jews had seen their children removed from them and forcibly converted to Christianity and had themselves been enslaved.
In the developing Islamic societies of the classical and medieval periods, being a Jew meant belonging to a category defined under law, enjoying certain rights and protections, alongside various obligations. These rights and protections were not as extensive or as generous as those enjoyed by Muslims, and the obligations were greater but, for the first few centuries, the Muslims themselves were a minority, and the practical differences were not all that great.
Along with legal near-equality came social and economic equality. Jews were not confined to ghettos, either literally or in terms of economic activity. The societies of Islam were, in effect, open societies. In religious terms, too, Jews enjoyed virtually full freedom. They might not build many new synagogue - in theory- and they might not make too public their profession of their faith, but there was no really significant restriction on the practice of their religion. Along with internal legal autonomy, they also enjoyed formal representation, through leaders of their own, before the authorities of the state. Imperfect and often not quite as rosy as this might sound, it was at least the broad norm.
The political unity brought by the new Islamic world-empire did not last, but it created a vast Islamic world civilisation, similar to the older Christian civilisation that it replaced. Within this huge area, Jews lived and enjoyed broadly similar status and rights everywhere. They could move around, maintain contacts, and develop their identity as Jews. A great new expansion of trade from the ninth century onwards brought the Spanish Jews - like the Muslims - into touch with the Jews and the Muslims even of India.
ALL THIS was encouraged by a further, critical development. Huge numbers of people in the new world ofIslam adopted the language of the Muslim Arabs. Arabic gradually became the principal language of this vast area, excluding almost all the rest: Greek and Syriac, Aramaic and Coptic and Latin all died out, replaced by Arabic. Persian, too, went into a long retreat, to reappear later heavily influenced by Arabic.
The Jews moved over to Arabic very rapidly. By the early 10th century, only 300 years after the conquests, Sa'adya Gaon was translating the Bible into Arabic. Bible translation is a massive task - it is not undertaken unless there is a need for it. By about the year 900, the Jews had largely abandoned other languages and taken on Arabic.
The change of language in its turn brought the Jews into direct contact with broader cultural developments. The result from the 10th century on was a striking pairing of two cultures. The Jews of the Islamic world developed an entirely new culture, which differed from their culture before Islam in terms of language, cultural forms, influences, and uses. Instead of being concerned primarily with religion, the new Jewish culture of the Islamic world, like that of its neighbours, mixed the religious and the secular to a high degree. The contrast, both with the past and with medieval Christian Europe, was enormous.
Like their neighbours, these Jews wrote in Arabic in part, and in a Jewish form of that language. The use of Arabic brought them close to the Arabs. But the use of a specific Jewish form of that language maintained the barriers between Jew and Muslim. The subjects that Jews wrote about, and the literary forms in which they wrote about them, were largely new ones, borrowed from the Muslims and developed in tandem with developments in Arabic Islam.
Also at this time, Hebrew was revived as a language of high literature, parallel to the use among the Muslims of a high form of Arabic for similar purposes. Along with its use for poetry and artistic prose, secular writing of all forms in Hebrew and in (Judeo- )Arabic came into being, some of it of high quality.
Much of the greatest poetry in Hebrew written since the Bible comes from this period. Sa'adya Gaon, Solomon Ibn Gabirol, Ibn Ezra (Moses and Abraham), Maimonides, Yehuda Halevi, Yehudah al-Harizi, Samuel ha-Nagid, and many more - all of these names, well known today, belong in the first rank of Jewish literary and cultural endeavour.
WHERE DID these Jews produce all this? When did they and their neighbours achieve this symbiosis, this mode of living together? The Jews did it in a number of centres of excellence.
The most outstanding of these was Islamic Spain, where there was a true Jewish Golden Age, alongside a wave of cultural achievement among the Muslim population. The Spanish case illustrates a more general pattern, too.
What happened in Islamic Spain - waves of Jewish cultural prosperity paralleling waves of cultural prosperity among the Muslims - exemplifies a larger pattern in Arab Islam. In Baghdad, between the ninth and the twelfth centuries; in Qayrawan (in north Africa), between the ninth and the 11th centuries; in Cairo, between the 10th and the 12th centuries, and elsewhere, the rise and fall of cultural centres of Islam tended to be reflected in the rise and fall of Jewish cultural activity in the same places.
This was not coincidence, and nor was it the product of particularly enlightened liberal patronage by Muslim rulers. It was the product of a number of deeper features of these societies, social and cultural, legal and economic, linguistic and political, which together enabled and indeed encouraged the Jews of the Islamic world to create a novel sub-culture within the high civilisation of the time.
This did not last for ever; the period of culturally successful symbiosis between Jew and Arab Muslim in the middle ages came to a close by about 1300. In reality, it had reached this point even earlier, with the overall relative decline in the importance and vitality of Arabic culture, both in relation to western European cultures and in relation to other cultural forms within Islam itself; Persian and Turkish.
Jewish cultural prosperity in the middle ages operated in large part as a function of Muslim, Arabic cultural (and to some degree political) prosperity: when Muslim Arabic culture thrived, so did that of the Jews; when Muslim Arabic culture declined, so did that of the Jews. In the case of the Jews, however, the cultural capital thus created also served as the seed-bed of further growth elsewhere - in Christian Spain and in the Christian world more generally.
The Islamic world was not the only source of inspiration for the Jewish cultural revival that came later in Christian Europe, but it certainly was a major contributor to that development. Its significance cannot be overestimated.
David J Wasserstein is the Eugene Greener Jr Professor of Jewish Studies at Vanderbilt University. This article is adapted from Iast weeks Jordan Lectures in Comparative Religion at the School of Oriental and African Studies.
Thursday, October 6, 2011
My response to Mike-Hassan controversy over Arab-Israeli conflict
I would like to invite all to reflect on the divine perspective in concerning fairness and justice, especially in dealing with dispute between people. God teaches the believers to uphold the truth, fairness and justice even if that position goes against your own interest and the interest of your kith and kin. So, in principle, believers must take a stand against any kind of injustice inflicted upon the victims no matter who are the perpetrators. Thus, the narrative of Mike is true about the existence of host of injustices inflicted in every corner of the globe. As if, entire humanity continues to be infested by unjust behaviors of those wrong people who are holding the power, rather illegally. I may even add to the list of such narrative the sufferings of Kurds by their fellow Muslim people and countries like Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey who are denying the right of freedom for the Kurds. The believers must also not ignore or refuse to recognize the truth about the killings of Armenians at the wake of World War I, as they must fear God. However, is it fair to bring the example of those wrong doings to argue against and undermine the sufferings of the people of Palestine, rather defending the actions of Zionists in the pretext such narrative? I don't think that such defensive mentality reflect in any way an honest, sincere and objective attitude of the defenders of Zionist agenda. It is rather expected that the Jews, zionist and non-zionist alike, must feel, more than anybody else, for the pain and sufferings of Palestinian people, because of what they had gone through in the past two Melania. Thus, occupation and brutality must not be the way of Zionism. One must not also forget the fact, while defending Israel, that Israel was imposed on the people of the land who had the natural and moral reason to resist intrusion. Any people will do that and has been doing everywhere in the world, as the narrative of Mike, because it is a natural reaction of the victims against the perpetrators. Yet, let us don't ignore the fact that all pro-Palestinian stakeholders by now are ready, in fact proposing, to recognize, albeit with pain, the state of Israel within the pre-1967 border. I believe, even Hamas will eventually accept Israel of the same border, but the ball is in the court of the Zionists. They must be ready to withdraw from the occupied territories, plain and simple, and understand that the time has changed not to the benefit of occupation, as the world is against it, and will continue changing in the same direction until the end of the occupation. The Zionists for their true security and honor, must not continue living in illusion of their false pride and hope. Instead, they must become realistic, honest and sincere about the sufferings of the victims caused by their venture of Zionism. Otherwise, it is just a matter of time, when it will be too late even to say sorry. History of power politics tells us that.
Saturday, September 24, 2011
Alan is wrong and Abbas is right about the real peace between Israel and Arabs
Bad mouthing is the reflection of bad heart and bad character and you have just proven yourself to the world, hence to God.
Listen, Israel was established at the end of an era, colonial era, the norm of which had still alive, hence the West, the UN and the rest of the world accepted Israel. That era and its norm died out now, almost 98%. The Zionists need to understand that reality. Arabs and Muslims had found Israel hard to accept, understandably, but they finally understood that Israel was the outcome of the past era and its norm. Thus, eventually they made a smart decision by expressing their readiness to accept Israel of 1948 border. Israel likewise needs to make a smart move by withdrawing from the occupied lands before asking for negotiated peace with Arabs and Muslims.
Listen, Israel was established at the end of an era, colonial era, the norm of which had still alive, hence the West, the UN and the rest of the world accepted Israel. That era and its norm died out now, almost 98%. The Zionists need to understand that reality. Arabs and Muslims had found Israel hard to accept, understandably, but they finally understood that Israel was the outcome of the past era and its norm. Thus, eventually they made a smart decision by expressing their readiness to accept Israel of 1948 border. Israel likewise needs to make a smart move by withdrawing from the occupied lands before asking for negotiated peace with Arabs and Muslims.
Sunday, December 26, 2010
Sufism in the Quran: Is there any trace?
May God firgive the Sufis, guide the sufis to the right path and give them understanding of the path of God - the Islam.
If you look at each of these verses in this posting
If you look at each of these verses in this posting
Sunday, June 20, 2010
Tolerance is the way to the peace and success (In response to the preaching of intolerence)
The truth of the proverb may lie somewhere else: "Intolerance of tolerance and justice must lead to destruction". Crusade war did, extermination of the natives did, dehumanizing the blacks did, sub-humanizing women for original sin did, criminalization of Jewish Deicide did, colonizing the world did, colonial rivalries between colonial powers did: I&II World Wars, imperial foreign policies did and will do, intolerance against Muslims and Islam will do. Tolerance is the way”.
Well Wisher
Well Wisher
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